List of United States Military Academy alumni (Confederate States Army)

The United States Military Academy (USMA) is an undergraduate college in West Point, New York that educates and commissions officers for the United States Army. The Academy was founded in 1802 and graduated its first class in October of the same year. It is the oldest of the five American service academies. Sports media refer to the Academy as "Army" and the students as "Cadets"; this usage is officially endorsed.[1] A small number of graduates each year choose the option of entering the United States Air Force, United States Navy, or United States Marine Corps. Before the founding of the United States Air Force Academy in 1955, the Academy was a major source of officers for the Air Force and its predecessors. Most cadets are admitted through the congressional appointment system.[2][3] The curriculum emphasizes various fields in sciences and engineering.[4][5]

This list is drawn from alumni of the Military Academy who served as general officers in the Confederate States Army (CSA), including three members of the Lee family of Virginia: Robert E. Lee (class of 1829), his son George Washington Custis Lee (class of 1854), and his nephew Fitzhugh Lee (class of 1856). Other notable Confederate generals include James Longstreet (class of 1842), Stonewall Jackson (class of 1846), and J.E.B. Stuart (class of 1854).a[›]

Other notable graduates include 2 Presidents of the United States, 18 astronauts, 4 heads of state, 74 Medal of Honor recipients,[6] 70 Rhodes Scholars, and 3 Heisman Trophy winners.[7] Among American universities, the Academy is fourth on the list of total winners for Rhodes Scholarships, seventh for Marshall Scholarships and fourth for Hertz Fellowships.[8]

Contents

Confederate States Army officers

Note: "Class year" refers to the alumni's class year, which usually is the same year they graduated. However, in times of war, classes often graduate early.
Name Class year Notability References
Cooper, SamuelSamuel Cooper 1815 Colonel United States Army (USA), General CSA; Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War; Adjutant General of the US Army; Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate States Army a[›]b[›]
Gwynn, WalterWalter Gwynn 1822 First Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; civil, fortifications, and railroad engineer a[›]b[›][9]
Trimble, Isaac R.Isaac R. Trimble 1822 Major General CSA; civil and railroad engineer; wounded and captured at the Battle of Gettysburg a[›]b[›][10]
Huger, BenjaminBenjamin Huger 1825 Major USA, Major General CSA; Mexican-American War; was relieved of field command during the American Civil War and assigned to staff duty a[›]b[›][11]
Johnston, Albert SidneyAlbert Sidney Johnston 1826 Brigadier General USA, General CSA; Texas War of Independence, Mexican-American War, Utah War; killed at the Battle of Shiloh, probably by one of his own men a[›]b[›][12]
Polk, LeonidasLeonidas Polk 1827 Second Lieutenant USA, Lieutenant General in Confederate States Army; resigned his commission soon after graduating from the Academy to enter Virginia Theological Seminary; founder of University of the South; killed in combat during the Battle of Marietta; Fort Polk named in his honor a[›]b[›][13]
Drayton, ThomasThomas Drayton 1828 First Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; railroad engineer; at the Battle of Port Royal fought against his brother, Percival Drayton a[›]b[›][14]
Lee, Robert E.Robert E. Lee 1829 Colonel USA, General CSA; graduated second in his class at the Academy, without demerits; son George Washington Custis Lee, class of 1854, graduated first in class; Commander, Army of Northern Virginia (1862–1865); General-in-Chief, Confederate States Army (1865); President, Washington and Lee University (1865–1870) a[›]b[›][15]
Holmes, Theophilus H.Theophilus H. Holmes 1829 Major USA, Lieutenant General CSA; commanded coastal defenses and military districts during most of the American Civil War a[›]b[›][16]
Johnston, Joseph E.Joseph E. Johnston 1829 Brigadier General USA, General CSA; Mexican–American War, Seminole Wars; highest-ranking U.S. Army officer to resign and join the Confederate States of America a[›]b[›][17]
Johnson, EdwardEdward Johnson 1830 Major USA, Major General CSA; Mexican–American War, Seminole Wars, Utah War; captured twice during the American Civil War a[›]b[›][18]
Magruder, John B.John B. Magruder 1830 Major USA, Major General CSA, Major General in Imperial Mexican Army; Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War veteran; noted for deceptive delaying tactics b[›][19]
Pendleton, William N.William N. Pendleton 1830 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; educator and Episcopal priest; served as Robert E. Lee's chief of artillery during most of the American Civil War b[›][20]
Crittenden, George B.George B. Crittenden 1832 Lieutenant Colonel USA, Major General CSA; Black Hawk War, Army of the Republic of Texas, Mexican-American War; reduced in rank from Major General to Colonel in October 1862 b[›][21]
Marshall, HumphreyHumphrey Marshall 1832 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; Mexican–American War veteran with Kentucky militia; U.S. Representative from Kentucky (1849–1852), (1855–1859); resigned from the Confederate Army in June 1863; member of Second Confederate Congress b[›][22]
Bryan, GoodeGoode Bryan 1834 Major USA, Brigadier General CSA; Mexican–American War; served in several prominent Civil War battles, including the Battle of the Wilderness b[›][23]
Tilghman, LloydLloyd Tilghman 1836 Captain USA, Brigadier General CSA; captured then released at the Battle of Fort Henry; killed at the Battle of Champion Hill b[›][24]
Bragg, BraxtonBraxton Bragg 1837 Lieutenant Colonel USA, General CSA; Second Seminole War, Mexican–American War; a principal commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War; Fort Bragg is named after him b[›][25]
Early, Jubal AndersonJubal Anderson Early 1837 Major USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Seminole Wars, Mexican–American War; key leader in the Army of Northern Virginia; never surrendered, escaping to Mexico and Canada until pardoned in 1868; established the Lost Cause point of view by writing articles for the Southern Historical Society in the 1870s b[›][26]
Pemberton, John C.John C. Pemberton 1837 Major USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Seminole Wars, Mexican–American War; defeated at the Siege of Vicksburg b[›][27]
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant (P.G.T.)Pierre Gustave Toutant (P.G.T.) Beauregard 1838 Major USA, General CSA; military engineer; ordered the firing of shots at Fort Sumter, South Carolina that started the Civil War b[›][28]
Hardee, William J.William J. Hardee 1838 Lieutenant Colonel USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Second Seminole War, Mexican–American War; noted military tactician; fought in several battles during the American Civil War b[›][29]
Sibley, Henry HopkinsHenry Hopkins Sibley 1838 Major USA, Major General CSA; Second Seminole War, Mexican–American War, Utah War; leader of the failed New Mexico Campaign; court martialed and censured in 1863 b[›][30]
Stevenson, Carter L.Carter L. Stevenson 1838 Captain USA, Major General CSA; Second Seminole War, Mexican–American War, Third Seminole War, Utah War; served mostly in the Western Theater of the American Civil War b[›][31]
Lawton, AlexanderAlexander Lawton 1839 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; graduated from Harvard Law School, class of 1842; seriously wounded at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862 and served as the Confederacy's second Quartermaster General for the remainder of the war; became president of the American Bar Association in 1882; served as minister to Austria-Hungary (1887–1889) b[›][32]
Ewell, Richard S.Richard S. Ewell 1840 Captain USA, Lieutenant General in Confederate States Army; performed escort duty along the Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail, Mexican–American War, wounded by Apachess in 1859; left leg was amputated after the Second Battle of Bull Run, served in numerous battles such as Battle of Chancellorsville, Second Battle of Winchester, Battle of Gettysburg, and Battle of the Wilderness; his brother Benjamin Stoddert Ewell was a member of the class of 1832 and president of The College of William & Mary (1854–1888) b[›][33]
Hébert, Paul OctavePaul Octave Hébert 1840 Captain USA, Brigadier General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War; Governor of Louisiana (1853–1856); served at the Siege of Vicksburg and in Texas b[›][34]
Johnson, BushrodBushrod Johnson 1840 First Lieutenant USA, Major General in Confederate States Army; Seminole War and Mexican–American War; served with distinction in many key battles such as the Battle of Chickamauga and Siege of Petersburg; professor of philosophy, chemistry, and engineering; co-chancellor of the University of Nashville (1870–1875) b[›][35]
Jordan, ThomasThomas Jordan 1840 Captain USA, Brigadier General in Confederate States Army; Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War; operated a pro-Southern spy network in Washington, D.C. prior to American Civil War and turned control of it over to Rose O'Neal Greenhow after the war began; served mainly in the Western Theater and in the defense of Charleston, South Carolina during the Civil War; subsequently served as General-in-Chief of the Cuban Liberation Army b[›][36]
McCown, John P.John P. McCown 1840 Captain USA, Major General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War, Seminole Wars, Utah War; served in the Western Theater during the Civil War; court-martialled by General Braxton Bragg for disobedience of orders in March 1863 and sentenced to suspension from duty for a period of six months; subsequently served in North Carolina b[›][37]
Garnett, Richard B.Richard B. Garnett 1841 Captain USA, Brigadier General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War; killed during Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg; cousin of Robert S. Garnett, also class of 1841 b[›][38]
Garnett, Robert S.Robert S. Garnett 1841 Major USA, Brigadier General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War, Indian Wars, Seminole Wars, Yakima War; first general officer killed in the American Civil War; cousin of Richard B. Garnett, also class of 1841 b[›][39]
Gorgas, JosiahJosiah Gorgas 1841 Captain USA, Brigadier General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War; chief of ordnance for the Confederacy; president of University of Alabama (1878–1883); son William C. Gorgas became Surgeon General of the United States Army b[›][40]
Jones, John M.John M. Jones 1841 Captain USA, Brigadier General in Confederate States Army; Utah War; Second Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Gettysburg, killed at Battle of the Wilderness b[›][41]
Jones, SamuelSamuel Jones 1841 Captain USA, Major General in Confederate States Army; artillery and infantry officer; defended Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and vital salt mines; commanded Department of Florida and South Georgia b[›][42]
Anderson, Richard H.Richard H. Anderson 1842 Captain USA, Lieutenant General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War; served in the Army of Northern Virginia, wounded at the Battle of Antietam b[›][43]
Hill, Daniel HarveyDaniel Harvey Hill 1842 Major USA, Lieutenant General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War; Seven Days Battles, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Gettysburg; first president of University of Arkansas (1877–1884) and Georgia Military College (1885–1889) b[›][44]
Longstreet, JamesJames Longstreet 1842 Major USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Mexican–American War; excelled in several battles during the American Civil War, including the Second Battle of Bull Run and Battle of Antietam; severely wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness; ambassador to the Ottoman Empire (1897–1904) b[›][45]
McLaws, LafayetteLafayette McLaws 1842 Captain USA, Major General in Confederate States Army; Mexican–American War, Utah War; inconsistent performance as a combat leader led court-martial, but the verdict was overturned b[›][46]
Smith, Gustavus WoodsonGustavus Woodson Smith 1842 Captain USA, Major General CSA; Mexican–American War; engineer; streets commissioner of New York City (1858–1861); commander of the Army of Northern Virginia prior to Robert E. Lee taking command b[›][47]
Van Dorn, EarlEarl Van Dorn 1842 Major USA, Major General CSA; Mexican–American War, Indian Wars; defeated at the Battle of Pea Ridge and Second Battle of Corinth; murdered during the American Civil War b[›][48]
Ripley, Roswell S.Roswell S. Ripley 1843 Major USA, Brigadier General CSA; Mexican–American War, Seminole Wars; fought in many battles as part of the Army of Northern Virginia, severely wounded at the Battle of Antietam, also served as a commander of coastal defenses b[›][49]
Buckner, Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar Buckner 1844 Captain USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Mexican–American War; Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Perryville, Battle of Chickamauga, captured and released in a prisoner exchange; Governor of Kentucky (1887–1891) b[›][50]
Smith, Edmund KirbyEdmund Kirby Smith 1845 Major USA, General CSA; Mexican–American War; Confederate commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department; president of University of Nashville (1870–1875); professor of mathematics at University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee (1875–1893) b[›][51][52]
Jackson, StonewallStonewall Jackson 1846 Major USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Mexican–American War; professor of natural and experimental philosophy and artillery at Virginia Military Institute (1851–1861); excelled in several battles during the American Civil War, including the First Battle of Bull Run where he received his nickname; accidentally shot by his own troops at the Battle of Chancellorsville and died of complications eight days later b[›][53]
Maxey, Samuel B.Samuel B. Maxey 1846 First Lieutenant USA, Major General CSA; Mexican–American War; Battle of Shiloh, Siege of Port Hudson; United States Senator from Texas (1875–1887) b[›][54]
Maury, Dabney H.Dabney H. Maury 1846 Lieutenant Colonel USA, Major General CSA; son of Naval officer John Minor Maury; Mexican–American War, cavalry officer in Oregon and Texas; Battle of Pea Ridge, Battle of Corinth, Siege of Vicksburg; United States Ambassador to Colombia (1887–1889) b[›][55]
Pickett, GeorgeGeorge Pickett 1846 Major USA, Major General CSA; Mexican–American War; Pig War; gained national notoriety during Mexican-American war for bravery at Battle of Chapultepec; best known for his division's ill-fated cavalry charge at Battle of Gettysburg, known as Pickett's charge b[›][56]
Wilcox, Cadmus M.Cadmus M. Wilcox 1846 Captin USA, Major General CSA; Mexican–American War; Seven Days Battles, Battle of Gettysburg; federal railroad chief after the American Civil War b[›][57]
Hill, Ambrose PowellAmbrose Powell Hill 1847 First Lieutenant USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Mexican-American War, Seminole Wars; rose to corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia by war's end; was killed at Petersburg just seven days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House b[›][58]
Heth, HenryHenry Heth 1847 Captain USA, Major General CSA; American Indian Wars; graduated at bottom of his class; wrote the Army's first marksmanship manual in 1858; was first Confederate commander in contact with Union cavalry at Gettysburg b[›][59]
Beall, WilliamWilliam Beall 1848 Captain USA, Brigadier General CSA; American Indian Wars; Siege of Port Hudson b[›][60]
Evans, Nathan GeorgeNathan George Evans 1848 Captain USA, Brigadier General CSA; nicknamed "Shanks"; served in the cavalry in the American West until 1861; commanded in many major battles of the eastern theater including First and Second Manassas, South Mountain and Antietam. b[›]
Jones, William E.William E. Jones 1848 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; nicknamed "Grumble Jones"; served in the cavalry in the American West until 1857; fought in the largest cavalry engagement of the war, the Battle of Brandy Station, and at the Battle of Gettysburg, killed in action at the Battle of Piedmont b[›][61]
Steuart, George H.George H. Steuart 1848 Captain USA, Brigadier General CSA; Utah War; his father, George H. Steuart, was a Major General during the War of 1812; nicknamed "Maryland Steuart" to distinguish him from J.E.B. Stuart and because he supported Maryland seceding from the Union; severely wounded at the Battle of Cross Keys; suffered a major defeat at Culp's Hill during the Battle of Gettysburg; b[›][62]
Barton, SethSeth Barton 1849 Lieutenant Colonel USA, Brigadier General CSA; American Indian Wars; Valley Campaign, captured at the Siege of Vicksburg but released in a prisoner exchange, relieved of command after the Battle of Drewry's Bluff; later became a chemist b[›][63]
Field, Charles W.Charles W. Field 1849 Captain USA, Major General CSA; American Indian Wars; Valley Campaign, Peninsula Campaign, Second Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Cold Harbor, Siege of Petersburg b[›][64]
Robertson, BeverlyBeverly Robertson 1849 Captain USA, Brigadier General CSA; American Indian Wars; participated in several battles during the American Civil War, including the Battle of Gettysburg and Battle of Fredericksburg b[›][65]
Cabell, William LewisWilliam Lewis Cabell 1850 Captain USA, Brigadier General CSA; captured by Union forces during Price's Raid; held as a prisoner of war at Johnson's Island and Fort Warren; a civil engineer and attorney after the war; later elected to four terms as mayor of Dallas, Texas; served four years as a US Marshall. b[›][66]
Walker, Lucius M.Lucius M. Walker 1850 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; Battle of Island Number Ten, Battle of Farmington, Battle of Helena, mortally wounded in a duel with fellow Confederate general and West Point graduate John S. Marmaduke b[›][67]
Daniel, JuniusJunius Daniel 1851 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; son of John Reeves Jones Daniel, an attorney general of North Carolina; Battle of Gettysburg, killed in action at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House a[›][68]
Bowen, John S.John S. Bowen 1853 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Champion Hill, died of disease after the Battle of Vicksburg a[›][69]
Chambliss, John R.John R. Chambliss 1853 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; son of Confederate States Congress legislator John R. Chambliss, Sr.; killed in action at the Second Battle of Deep Bottom a[›][70]
Hood, John BellJohn Bell Hood 1853 First Lieutenant USA, Lieutenant General CSA; American Indian Wars; famously wounded in battle on multiple occasions; youngest man on either side to command an Army when he took command of the Army of Tennessee at age 33 in 1864 a[›][71]
Lee, George Washington CustisGeorge Washington Custis Lee 1854 First Lieutenant USA, Major General CSA; graduated first in his class at the Academy; father Robert E. Lee, class of 1829, graduated second in his class; President, Washington and Lee University (1871–1897) a[›][72]
Lee, Stephen D.Stephen D. Lee 1854 First Lieutenant USA, Lieutenant General CSA; Seminole Wars, American Indian Wars; youngest Lieutenant General in the Confederate States Army; first president of Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi (1880–1899) b[›][73][74]
Pender, William DorseyWilliam Dorsey Pender 1854 Second Lieutenant USA, Major General CSA; Battle of Seven Pines, Seven Days Battles, Second Battle of Bull Run, mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg b[›][75]
Stuart, J.E.B.J.E.B. Stuart 1854 Captain USA, Major General CSA; American Indian Wars; excelled in several battles during the American Civil War, including the Peninsula Campaign and Maryland Campaign b[›][76]
Villepigue, John BordenaveJohn Bordenave Villepigue 1854 First Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; American Indian Wars; Second Battle of Corinth, died of pneumonia in 1862; his descendent John Canty Villepigue was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War I b[›][77]
Nicholls, Francis T.Francis T. Nicholls 1855 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; Seminole Wars; First Battle of Bull Run; a cannon shell severed his foot during the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863; practiced law before and after the war; served two terms as the Governor of Louisiana, first from 1876 to 1880 and then from 1888 to 1892; became Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court in 1892, a post which he held until 1911; served as a member of the West Point Board of Visitors. b[›][78][79]
Lee, FitzhughFitzhugh Lee 1856 Second Lieutenant USA, Major General CSA; American Indian Wars; First Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Opequon, led the last charge of the Confederates on April 9, 1865 at Farmville, Virginia; Governor of Virginia (1886–1890) b[›][80]
Marmaduke, John S.John S. Marmaduke 1857 Second Lieutenant USA, Major General CSA; Utah War; Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Cape Girardeau, Red River Campaign, mortally wounded fellow Confederate general and West Point graduate Lucius M. Walker in a duel; Governor of Missouri (1885–1887) b[›][81]
Alexander, Edward PorterEdward Porter Alexander 1857 Second Lieutenant USA, Brigadier General CSA; Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Gettysburg, Siege of Petersburg, officer in charge of the massive artillery bombardment preceding Pickett's Charge on the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg b[›][82]
Ramseur, Stephen DodsonStephen Dodson Ramseur 1860 Second Lieutenant USA, Major General CSA; one of the youngest Confederate generals in the American Civil War; served in the Peninsula Campaign, Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of the Wilderness; mortally wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek b[›][83]

References

General

^ a:  Special Collections: Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy. West Point, NY: United States Military Academy Library. 1950. 
^ b: "Civil War Generals from West Point". University of Tennessee – Knoxville. 2003. http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/wpclasses.html. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 

Inline citations
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